Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD)

are a complex condition caused by a wide range of taxonomically unrelated fungi. Diseases within this complex manifest with a diverse array of vascular and foliar symptoms, ultimately leading to the overall decline and eventual death of grapevines. Although GTD is believed to have existed for as long as vine cultivation, its significance and impact on vine health have only recently been fully recognized. Today, GTD is acknowledged as one of the primary biotic factors contributing to reduced yields and lifespans of vineyards, resulting in substantial economic losses to the grape and wine industry worldwide.